HEPES is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent, commonly used to uphold a neutral pH of basal medium within cell cultures.HEPES is a potent inducer of lysosome biogenesis.

4-Nitroquinoline 1-oxide is a highly carcinogenic modeling compound that induces mutations in bacteria, fungi and animals by forming numerous purine adducts.

MM3122 is a selective type II transmembrane serine protease (TMPRSS2) inhibitor, IC50 = 0.34 nM. MM3122 effectively blocks TMPRSS2, thereby inhibiting the entry of SARS-CoV-2 and MERS-CoV into human cells.